INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The state sovereignty principle as enshrined in Article 33 of the Constitution has been perceived as delivering the supremacy of the central government to decide matters related to natural resources management 1 This book seeks to consider the development of the current geothermal legal framework asking whether geothermal as the renewable based energy has facing challenges as to hydrocarbon based energy Fossil fuel based energy will not be long lasting at some point it needs to be replaced with renewable sources to fulfil energy demand while maintaining energy security Maximising utilisation of geothermal energy is a perfect pathway to increase the renewables role in the national energy mix a policy that is also in favour for achieving the national renewable energy targets within the decade ahead thereby fulfilling Indonesias climate commitment 2 With a focus on the regulation institutions and mechanisms for participation this analysis carefully seeks the answers to how the current geothermal legal framework has been developed and how 1 2 Article 33 of Indonesian Constitution LTS LCCR Indonesia target in achieving Net Zero Emission in 2060 1INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND The state sovereignty principle as enshrined in Article 33 of the Constitution has been perceived as delivering the supremacy of the central government to decide matters related to natural resources management 1 This book seeks to consider the development of the current geothermal legal framework asking ...whether geothermal as the renewable based energy has facing challenges as to hydrocarbon based energy Fossil fuel based energy will not be long lasting at some point it needs to be replaced with renewable sources to fulfil energy demand while maintaining energy security Maximising utilisation of geothermal energy is a perfect pathway to increase the renewables role in the national energy mix a policy that is also in favour for achieving the national renewable energy targets within the decade ahead thereby fulfilling Indonesias climate commitment 2 With a focus on the regulation institutions and mechanisms for participation this analysis carefully seeks the answers to how the current geothermal legal framework has been developed and how 1 2 Article 33 of Indonesian Constitution LTS LCCR Indonesia target in achieving Net Zero Emission in 2060 1